The right to work and the employment contract in the history and modern development of the Russian legal system
Abstract
The article examines the right to work and the labor contract in an indissoluble historical unity, which allows to characterize the beginning of formation and development in the form of a contract of employment (personal employment), as a private law institution in the provisions of Russian Pravda (XI–XIII centuries), in the public law (mining, factory, industrial) and private law (civil) legislation of the Russian Empire, as well as in the system of Soviet (from 1917–1918) and modern (from 1991–1992) labor legislation of Russia. Structural ratio of hired labor to 1917, and the modern period demonstrates the continuity of the concept
development of the entire system of law, reflecting state-contractual methods of regulation of economy and social relations in the workplace. The progressive level of legal guarantees for ensuring the rights of a free person to negotiate, entering into work as a slave, or in conditions of serfdom or the obligation to work under the Soviet labor contract, is considered as various forms of realization of the right to work. Despite the fact that in history and modern scientific research, they are recognized as diverse and opposed categories, forming the subject of study of legal (mining, administrative, civil, labor law), as well as non-legal (philosophy, history, sociology) disciplines. Modern research on the division of law into public and private, in isolation from the history of the Russian system of law, give rise to problems of understanding labor law in the classification of branches of law, as well as the mixing of labor law and labor contract in General theoretical and labor law literature. The article considers some features of the system connection of the employment contract with the modern employment contract in the context of philosophical, legal, historical and sociological study. The article analyzes the trends in the development of the labor contract in science, current labor legislation and judicial practice on the issues of distinguishing labor from civil relations in the field of labor.
Keywords:
right to work, labor history, employment contract, labor contract, legal system, labor legislation, labor law
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